Common of Doctors

The Office is entirely taken from the Common of a Confessor Bishop of Common of a Confessor Not a Bishop, according to the type of Feast, except for that which follows here below.

Vespers

Ad Magníficat in utrisque Vesperis Ant:  O Doctor óptime, * Ecclésiæ sanctæ lumen, beáte N., divínæ legis amátor, deprecáre pro nobis Fílium Dei.

Ant. on Magníficat at both Vespers:  O Doctor right excellent, * O light of Holy Church, O blessed N., lover of the divine law, entreat for us the Son of God.

COMMEMORATIONS, if there be any

CLOSING VERSICLES AND THAT WHICH FOLLOWETH

First Nocturn

Absolutio: Exáudi, Dómine Jesu Christe, preces servórum tuórum, et miserére nobis : Qui cum Patre et Spíritu Sancto vivis et regnas in sæcula sæculórum.
R.  Amen.

Absolution:  Graciously hear, O Lord Jesu Christ, the prayers of thy servants, and have mercy upon us.  Who, with the Father, and the Holy Ghost, livest and reignest, for ever and ever.
R.  Amen.

Benedíctio 1: Benedictióne perpétua benedícat nos Pater ætérnus.
R.  Amen.

Benediction 1:  May the Father Eternal bless us with a never-ending blessing.
R.  Amen.

De libro Ecclesiástici

The Lesson is taken from the Book of Ecclesiasticus

Sapiéntiam ómnium antiquórum exquíret sápiens, et in prophétis vacábit.  Narratiónem virórum nominatórum conservábit, et in versútias parabolárum simul introíbit.  Occúlta proverbiórum exquíret, et in abscónditis parabolárum conversábitur.  In médio magnatórum ministrábit, et in conspéctu præsidis apparébit.  In terram alienigenárum géntium pertránsiet ; bona enim et mala in homínibus tentábit.

He that giveth his mind to the law of the Most High will seek out the wisdom of all the ancients, and be occupied in prophecies.  He will keep the sayings of the renowned men : and where subtil parables are, he will be there also.  He will seek out the secrets of grave sentences, and be conversant in dark parables.  He shall serve among great men, and appear before princes : he will travel through strange countries ; for he hath tried the good and the evil among men.

V.  Tu autem, Dómine, miserére nobis.
R.  Deo grátias.

V.  But thou, O Lord, have mercy upon us.
R.  Thanks be to God.

R.  Euge serve bone et fidélis, quia in pauca fuísti fidélis, supra multa te constítuam : * Intra in gáudium Dómini tui.
V.  Dómine, quinque talénta tradidísti mihi, ecce ália quinque superlucrátus sum.
R.  Intra in gáudium Dómini tui.

R.  Well done, thou good and faithful servant; thou hast been faithful over a few things, I will make thee ruler over many things : * Enter thou into the joy of thy Lord.
V.  Lord, thou deliveredst unto me five talents ; behold, I have gained beside them five talents more.
R.  Enter thou into the joy of thy Lord.

Benedíctio 2: Unigénitus Dei Fílius nos benedícere et adjuváre dignétur.
R.  Amen.

Benediction 2: May the Son of God, the sole-begotten, mercifully bless and keep us.
R.  Amen.

Cor suum tradet ad vigilándum dilúculo ad Dóminum, qui fecit illum, et in conspéctu Altíssimi deprecábitur.  Apériet os suum in oratióne, et pro delíctis suis deprecábitur.  Si enim Dóminus magnus volúerit, spíritu intelligéntiæ replébit illum : et ipse tamquam imbres mittet elóquia sapiéntiæ suæ, et in oratióne confitébitur Dómino : et ipse díriget consílium ejus, et disciplínam, et in abscónditis suis consiliábitur.

The righteous will give his heart to resort early to the Lord that made him, and will pray before the Most High, and will open his mouth in prayer and make supplication for his sins.  When the great Lord will, he shall be filled with the Spirit of Understanding : he shall pour out wise sentences, and give thanks unto the Lord in his prayer.  He shall direct his counsel and knowledge, and in his secrets shall he meditate.

V.  Tu autem, Dómine, miserére nobis.
R.  Deo grátias.

V.  But thou, O Lord, have mercy upon us.
R.  Thanks be to God.

R.  Ecce sacérdos magnus, qui in diébus suis plácuit Deo : * Ideo jurejurándo fecit illum Dóminus créscere in plebem suam.
V.  Benedictiónem ómnium géntium dedit illi, et testaméntum suum confirmávit super caput ejus.
R.  Ideo jurejurándo fecit illum Dóminus créscere in plebem suam.

R.  Behold a great priest who in his days pleased the Lord : * Therefore by an oath the Lord assured him that he would increase him among his people.
V.  He established him with the blessing of all men and the Covenant, and made it rest upon his head.
R.  Therefore by an oath the Lord assured him that he would increase him among his people.

R.  Justus germinábit sicut lílium : * Et florébit in ætérnum ante Dóminum.
V.  Plantátus in domo Dómini, in átriis domus Dei nostri.
R.  Et florébit in ætérnum ante Dóminum.

R.  The righteous shall grow as the lily, * And flourish for ever before the Lord.
V.  Such as are planted in the house of the Lord shall flourish in the courts of the house of our God.
R.  And flourish for ever before the Lord.

Benedíctio 3: Spíritus Sancti grátia illúminet sensus et corda nostra.
R.  Amen.

Benediction 3: May the grace of the Holy Spirit all our heart and mind enlighten.
R.  Amen.

Ipse palam fáciet disciplínam doctrínæ suæ, et in lege testaménti Dómini gloriábitur.  Collaudábunt multi sapiéntiam ejus, et usque in sæculum non delébitur.  Non recédet memória ejus, et nomen ejus requirétur a generatióne in generatiónem.  Sapiéntiam ejus enarrábunt gentes, et laudem ejus enuntiábit Ecclésia.

He shall shew forth that which he hath learned, and shall glory in the law of the Covenant of the Lord.  Many shall commend his understanding ; and so long as the world endureth, it shall not be blotted out ; his memorial shall not depart away, and his name shall live from generation to generation.  Nations shall shew forth his wisdom, and the congregation shall declare his praise.

V.  Tu autem, Dómine, miserére nobis.
R.  Deo grátias.

V.  But thou, O Lord, have mercy upon us.
R.  Thanks be to God.

R.  Jurávit Dóminus, et non pœnitébit eum : * Tu es sacérdos in ætérnum secúndum órdinem Melchísedech.
V.  Dixit Dóminus Dómino meo, Sede a dextris meis.
R.  Tu es sacérdos in ætérnum secúndum órdinem Melchísedech.
V.  Glória Patri, et Fílio, et Spirítui Sancto.
R.  Tu es sacérdos in ætérnum secúndum órdinem Melchísedech.

R.  The Lord sware and will not repent, * Thou art a priest forever after the order of Melchisedech.
V.  The Lord said unto my Lord : Sit thou on my right hand.
R.  Thou art a priest forever after the order of Melchisedech.
V.  Glory be to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Ghost.
R.  Thou art a priest forever after the order of Melchisedech.

R.  Iste cognóvit justítiam, et vidit mirabília magna, et exorávit Altíssimum : * Et invéntus est in número Sanctórum.
V.  Iste est, qui contémpsit vitam mundi, et pervénit ad cæléstia regna.
R.  Et invéntus est in número Sanctórum.
V.  Glória Patri, et Fílio, et Spirítui Sancto.
R.  Et invéntus est in número Sanctórum.

R.  This is he which knew righteousness, and saw great wonders, and made his prayer unto the Most High; * And he is numbered among the Saints.
V.  This is he which despised the life of this world, and is come unto an everlasting kingdom.
R.  And he is numbered among the Saints.
V.  Glory be to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Ghost.
R.  And he is numbered among the Saints.

Second Nocturn

Absolutio: Ipsíus píetas et misericórdia nos ádjuvet, qui cum Patre et Spíritu Sancto vivit et regnat in sæcula sæculórum.
R.  Amen.

Absolution:  May his loving-kindness and mercy assist us.  Who, with the Father, and the Holy Ghost, liveth and reigneth, for ever and ever.
R.  Amen.

V.  Jube domne, (Dómine) benedícere.

V.  Vouchsafe, Reverend Father (O Lord), thy blessing.

Benedíctio 4: Deus Pater omnípotens sit nobis propítius et clemens.
R.  Amen.

Benediction 4:  May God the Father Almighty shew us his mercy and pity.
R.  Amen.

Qui, post Oríonas, Hyadum nómine, nisi Doctóres sanctæ Ecclésiæ designántur?  Qui, subdúctis Martyribus, eo jam témpore ad mundi notítiam venérunt, quo fides clárius elúcet, et représsa infidelitátis híeme, áltius per corda fidélium sol veritátis calet.  Qui, remóta tempestáte persecutiónis, explétis longis nóctibus infidelitátis, tunc sanctæ Ecclésiæ orti sunt, cum ei jam per credulitátis vernum lucídior annus aperítur.

In the Book of Job, it is written that it is God "which maketh Arcturus, Orion, and Hyades."  Now if by the constellation Orion be mystically signified the spiritual constellation of the holy Martyrs, whom can we understand to be named after them under the title of the Hyades, but the Doctors of the Holy Church?  When the glorious constellation of the Martyrs had set, and the light of the faith grew stronger, then appeared the constellation of the Doctors in the firmament of the Church, even in that spring-time when the winter of unbelief was past, and the Sun of truth rose higher to shine on the hearts of his faithful ones.  The storms of persecution were gone, and the long nights of unbelief were over ; then rose the Doctors to shine on the Church, when the spring-time of belief promised her a brighter year.

V.  Tu autem, Dómine, miserére nobis.
R.  Deo grátias.

V.  But thou, O Lord, have mercy upon us.
R.  Thanks be to God.

R.  Invéni David servum meum, óleo sancto meo unxi eum : * Manus enim mea auxiliábitur ei.
V.  Nihil profíciet inimícus in eo, et fílius iniquitátis non nocébit ei.
R.  Manus enim mea auxiliábitur ei.

R.  I have found David my servant, with my holy oil have I anointed him. * My hand shall hold him fast.
V.  The enemy shall not be able to do him violence ; the son of wickedness shall not hurt him.
R.  My hand shall hold him fast.

R.  Honéstum fecit illum Dóminus, et custodívit eum ab inimícis, et a seductóribus tutávit illum : * Et dedit illi claritátem ætérnam.
V.  Justum dedúxit Dóminus per vias rectas, et osténdit illi regnum Dei.
R.  Et dedit illi claritátem ætérnam.

R.  The Lord multiplied the fruit of his labours and defended him from his enemies, and kept him safe from those that lay in wait. * And gave him perpetual glory.
V.  The Lord guided the righteous in right paths, and shewed him the kingdom of God.
R.  And gave him perpetual glory.

V.  Jube domne, (Dómine) benedícere.

V.  Vouchsafe, Reverend Father (O Lord), thy blessing.

Benedíctio 5: Christus perpétuæ det nobis gáudia vitæ.
R.  Amen.

Benediction 5: May Christ bestow upon us the joys of life eternal.
R.  Amen.

Nec immérito Doctóres sancti Hyadum nuncupatióne signántur.  Græco quippe elóquio hyetos plúvia vocátur, et Hyades nomen a plúviis accepérunt, quia ortæ procul dúbio imbres ferunt.  Bene ergo Hyadum appellatióne expréssi sunt, qui, ad státum universális Ecclésiæ quasi in cæli fáciem dedúcti, super aréntem terram humáni péctoris sanctæ prædicatiónis imbres fudérunt.  Si enim prædicatiónis sermo plúvia non esset, Móyses mínime dixísset : Exspectétur sicut plúvia elóquium meum ; et nequáquam per Isaíam Véritas díceret : Mandábo núbibus meis ne pluant super eam imbrem ; atque hoc quod paulo ante protúlimus : Quam ob rem prohíbitæ sunt stellæ pluviárum.

But also for another reason the bright galaxy of the Doctors do mind us of the Hyades.  These stars are so styled from the Greek word Hyetos, which signifieth rain.  The Hyades were named after rain because their rising brought the latter rains.  Aptly then may we apply the name of the Hyades to those who, when in the firmament of the Church Universal they began to rise and shine with a widespread diffusion of their teaching, made showers of blessing to fall upon the parched ground of men's hearts.  For if the words of preaching be not appropriately set forth under the symbol of rain, Moses would not have said : My doctrine shall drop as the rain.  Nor would the Truth have spoken to his unlistening people that parable in Isaiah of the unfruitful vineyard, saying : I will also command the clouds that they rain no rain upon it.  Nor yet these words which we have just quoted : Therefore the rain-stars have been withholden.

V.  Tu autem, Dómine, miserére nobis.
R.  Deo grátias.

V.  But thou, O Lord, have mercy upon us.
R.  Thanks be to God.

R.  Pósui adjutórium super poténtem, et exaltávi eléctum de plebe mea : * Manus enim mea auxiliábitur ei.
V.  Invéni David servum meum, óleo sancto meo unxi eum.
R.  Manus enim mea auxiliábitur ei.

R.  I have laid help upon one that is mighty, I have exalted one chosen out of the people. * My hand shall hold him fast.
V.  I have found David, my servant, with my holy oil have I anointed him.
R.  My hand shall hold him fast.

R.  Amávit eum Dóminus, et ornávit eum : stolam glóriæ índuit eum, * Et ad portas paradísi coronávit eum.
V.  Induit eum Dóminus lorícam fídei, et ornávit eum.
R.  Et ad portas paradísi coronávit eum.

R.  The Lord loved him and adorned him; he clothed him with a robe of glory : * And crowned him at the gates of Paradise.
V.  The Lord hath put on him the breast-plate of faith, and hath adorned him.
R.  And crowned him at the gates of Paradise.

V.  Jube domne, (Dómine) benedícere.

V.  Vouchsafe, Reverend Father (O Lord), thy blessing.

Benedíctio 6: Ignem sui amóris accéndat Deus in córdibus nostris.
R.  Amen.

Benediction 6: May God enkindle in our hearts the fire of his holy love.
R.  Amen.

Dum ergo Hyades cum plúviis veniunt, ad cæli spátia altióra sol dúcitur : quia, apparénte Doctórum sciéntia, dum mens nostra imbre prædicatiónis infúnditur, fídei calor augétur.  Et perfúsa terra ad fructum próficit, cum lumen ætheris ignéscit : quia ubérius frugem boni óperis réddimus, dum per sacræ eruditiónis flammam in corde clárius ardémus.  Dumque per eos diébus síngulis magis magísque sciéntia cæléstis osténditur, quasi intérni nobis lúminis vernum tempus aperítur ; ut novus sol nostris méntibus rútilet, et, eórum verbis nobis cógnitus, seípso quotídie clárior micet.  Urgénte étenim mundi fine, supérna sciéntia próficit, et lárgius cum témpore excréscit.

At the same time that the Hyades come bringing rain, the sun daily riseth higher in the heavens : thus do we, seeing the learning of the Doctors, and having our minds saturated with the rain of preaching, grow warmer in the faith.  And when the hot heavens shine fiery over her, the wet earth tendeth to harvest : thus do we, when the fire of holy learning burneth bright in our heart, tend to bring forth the fruit of good works.  When, day by day, we learn more of the knowledge of heavenly things, a spring-time of inward light is opening within us, a new Sun is irradiating our mind, and, as we know him better by the words of his Teachers, he doth daily himself shine the more therein.  As the end of the world groweth nearer, the knowledge of things heavenly will grow greater, and continue to develop with time.

V.  Tu autem, Dómine, miserére nobis.
R.  Deo grátias.

V.  But thou, O Lord, have mercy upon us.
R.  Thanks be to God.

For a Doctor Bishop

R.  Iste est, qui ante Deum magnas virtútes operátus est, et omnis terra doctrína ejus repléta est : * Ipse intercédat pro peccátis ómnium populórum.
V.  Iste est, qui contémpsit vitam mundi, et pervénit ad cæléstia regna.
R.  Ipse intercédat pro peccátis ómnium populórum.
V.  Glória Patri, et Fílio, et Spirítui Sancto.
R.  Ipse intercédat pro peccátis ómnium populórum.

R.  This is he who wrought mighty deeds and valiant in the sight of God, and all the earth is filled with his doctrine: * May his intercession avail for the sins of all the people.
V.  He was a man who despised the life of the world and attained unto the kingdom of heaven.
R.  May his intercession avail for the sins of all the people.
V.  Glory be to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Ghost.
R.  May his intercession avail for the sins of all the people.

R.  Iste homo perfécit ómnia quæ locútus est ei Deus, et dixit ad eum : Ingrédere in réquiem meam : * Quia te vidi justum coram me ex ómnibus géntibus.
V.  Iste est, qui contémpsit vitam mundi, et pervénit ad cæléstia regna.
R.  Quia te vidi justum coram me ex ómnibus géntibus.
V.  Glória Patri, et Fílio, et Spirítui Sancto.
R.  Quia te vidi justum coram me ex ómnibus géntibus.

R.  This is he which did according to all that God commanded him ; and God said unto him : Enter thou into my rest : * For thee have I seen righteous before me among all people.
V.  This is he which despised his life in this world, and is come unto an everlasting kingdom.
R.  For thee have I seen righteous before me among all people.
V.  Glory be to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Ghost.
R.  For thee have I seen righteous before me among all people.

Third Nocturn

Absolutio: A vínculis peccatórum nostrórum absólvat nos omnípotens et miséricors Dóminus.
R.  Amen.

Absolution:  May the Lord Almighty and merciful break the bonds of our sins and set us free.
R.  Amen.

V.  Jube domne, (Dómine) benedícere.

V.  Vouchsafe, Reverend Father (O Lord), thy blessing.

Benedíctio 7: Evangélica léctio sit nobis salus et protéctio.
R.  Amen.

Benediction 7:  May the Gospel's holy lection be our safeguard and protection.
R.  Amen.

In illo témpore : Dixit Jesus discípulis suis:   Vos estis sal terræ.  Quod si sal evanúerit, in quo saliétur?  Et réliqua.

At that time : Jesus said unto his disciples:  Ye are the salt of the earth : But if the salt have lost his savour, wherewith shall it be salted?  And so on, and that which followeth.

Osténdit Dóminus fátuos esse judicándos, qui temporálium bonórum vel cópiam sectántes vel inópiam metuéntes, amíttunt ætérna, quæ nec dari possunt ab homínibus nec auférri.  Itaque, si sal infatuátum fúerit, in quo saliétur?  Id est, si vos, per quos condiéndi sunt quodámmodo pópuli, metu persecutiónum temporálium amiséritis regna cælórum ; qui erunt hómines, per quos a vobis error auferátur, cum vos elégerit Deus, per quos errórem áuferat ceterórum?

The Lord would have us understand how that men do lose their power of savouring others with righteousness when they are willing to place their eternal welfare in jeopardy for the sake of any temporal advantage, like as attainment of ease or luxury, or escape from suffering or toil.  For that which is eternal, unlike things of this world, can neither be bestowed by men, nor by them taken away.  Hence, when he asketh : If the salt have lost his savour, wherewith shall it be salted? he would have us understand the question to be : If ye, by whom mankind is preserved from corruption, be willing to lose the kingdom of heaven so as to escape trials or persecutions in this world, who is there to preserve you from corruption, seeing ye are they that God hath chosen  to preserve all others from corruption?

V.  Tu autem, Dómine, miserére nobis.
R.  Deo grátias.

V.  But thou, O Lord, have mercy upon us.
R.  Thanks be to God.

R.  Amávit eum Dóminus, et ornávit eum : stolam glóriæ índuit eum, * Et ad portas paradísi coronávit eum.
V.  Induit eum Dóminus lorícam fídei, et ornávit eum.
R.  Et ad portas paradísi coronávit eum.

R.  The Lord loved him and adorned him ; he clothed him with a robe of glory : * And crowned him at the gates of Paradise.
V.  The Lord put upon him the breastplate of faith, and adorned him.
R.  And crowned him at the gates of Paradise.

R.  Iste est, qui ante Deum magnas virtútes operátus est, et de omni corde suo laudávit Dóminum : * Ipse intercédat pro peccátis ómnium populórum.
V.  Ecce homo sine queréla, verus Dei cultor, ábstinens se ab omni ópere malo, et pérmanens in innocéntia sua.
R.  Ipse intercédat pro peccátis ómnium populórum.

R.  This is he who wrought mighty deeds and valiant in the sight of God, and all the earth is filled with his doctrine : * May his intercession avail for the sins of all the people.
V.  Behold a man without blame, a worshipper of God in truth, keeping himself clean from every evil work, and abiding still in his innocency.
R.  May his intercession avail for the sins of all the people.

V.  Jube domne, (Dómine) benedícere.

V.  Vouchsafe, Reverend Father (O Lord), thy blessing.

Benedíctio 8:  Cujus festum cólimus, ipse intercédat pro nobis ad Dóminum.
R.  Amen.

Benediction 8:  May he whose feast day we are keeping, be our Advocate with God.
R.  Amen.

Ergo ad níhilum valet sal infatuátum, nisi ut mittátur foras et calcétur ab homínibus.  Non ítaque calcátur ab homínibus qui pátitur persecutiónem ; sed qui, persecutiónem timéndo, infatuátur.  Calcári enim non potest nisi inférior ; sed inférior non est, qui, quamvis córpore multa in terra sustíneat, corde tamen fixus in cælo est.

Those that should be the salt of the earth, but have lost their savour, are thenceforth good for nothing, but to be cast out, and to be trodden under foot of men.  But no one that suffereth persecution is truly said to be trodden under foot of men.  Rather, that one is truly trodden under foot of men  who through fear of persecution hath lost the savour of righteousness.  For no one can be trodden upon, unless he be beneath him which treadeth upon him.  And certainly no one who hath his heart in heaven, no matter how grievously he doth suffer in his body on earth, is rightly said to be beneath anyone who misuseth him.

V.  Tu autem, Dómine, miserére nobis.
R.  Deo grátias.

V.  But thou, O Lord, have mercy upon us.
R.  Thanks be to God.

R.  In médio Ecclésiæ apéruit os ejus, * Et implévit eum Dóminus spíritu sapiéntiæ et intelléctus.
V.  Jucunditátem et exsultatiónem thesaurizávit super eum.
R.  Et implévit eum Dóminus spíritu sapiéntiæ et intelléctus.
V.  Glória Patri, et Fílio, et Spirítui Sancto.
R.  Et implévit eum Dóminus spíritu sapiéntiæ et intelléctus.

R.  In the midst of the congregation he opened his mouth : * And the Lord filled him with the Spirit of Wisdom and Understanding.
V.  He shall find joy, and a crown of gladness.
R.  And the Lord filled him with the Spirit of Wisdom and Understanding.
V.  Glory be to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Ghost.
R.  And the Lord filled him with the Spirit of Wisdom and Understanding..

If Lesson ix is to be taken from an occurring Feast or Sunday, it is given in its proper place, as announced in the Ordo.

Alternate Ninth Lesson

V.  Jube domne, (Dómine) benedícere.

V.  Vouchsafe, Reverend Father (O Lord), thy blessing.

Benedíctio 9: Ad societátem cívium supernórum perdúcat nos Rex Angelórum.
R.  Amen.

Benediction 9: May the King of Angels give us fellowship with all the citizens of heaven.
R.  Amen.

Vos estis lumen mundi.  Quómodo dixit supérius sal terræ, sic nunc dicit lumen mundi.  Nam, neque supérius ista terra accipiénda est, quam pédibus corpóreis calcámus ; sed hómines, qui in terra hábitant, vel étiam peccatóres, quorum condiéndis et exstinguéndis putóribus apostólicum salem Dóminus misit.  Et hic mundum non cælum et terram, sed hómines qui sunt in mundo vel díligunt mundum, opórtet intélligi ; quibus illuminándis Apóstoli missi sunt.  Non potest cívitas abscóndi super montem pósita ; id est, fundáta super insígnem magnámque justítiam, quam signíficat étiam ipse mons, in quo dísputat Dóminus.

Ye are the light of the world.  And we are to understand the word World in the same sense as the word Earth when he spoke above of the salt of the earth, that is, not that earth whereupon we walk with our bodily feet, but the men which dwell upon the earth ; in other words, sinners, for the sweetening and correction of whose corruption, the Lord hath sent his Apostles, as it were, as so much salt.  And so by the world we are to understand, not the heaven and the earth, but the men who are in the world and love the world, for the enlightening of whom the Apostles have been sent.  A city that is set on a hill cannot be hid : that is, what is founded upon the heights of righteousness, whereof the mountain upon which the Lord gave this discourse was itself a figure, is magnificent in the eyes of all men.

V.  Tu autem, Dómine, miserére nobis.
R.  Deo grátias.

V.  But thou, O Lord, have mercy upon us.
R.  Thanks be to God.